Salasul-i-Tariqat ?
The spiritual and temporal head of the Muslims is Huzoor e Poor Noor Sayyadul Aalameen Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa (Salla Allahu 'alayh wasalam). Spiritually He is the fountainhead from whom all channels of guidance and inner inspiration flow to all directions. Although all the prominent Companions of Sayyadinah Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa (Salla Allahu 'alayh wasalam) continued to provide outer and inner guidance to the Muslim people, wherever they happened to be after the departure of Rasoolullah (Salla Allahu 'alayh wasalam) from this world, the main source of spiritual inspiration and training were the first Caliph, Hazrat Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (Radi Allahu anhu), and the fourth Caliph Hazrat Ali al-Murtuzaa(Radi Allahu anhu) , who has been described in a Hadith as the gateway to the "City of Knowledge", the City being Sayyidinah Huzoor e Akram (Salla Allahu 'alayh wasalam) Himself. Knowledge (Ilm) has been identified with inner esoteric knowledge. Hazrat Abu Bakr-Siddiq(Radi Allahu anhu) was succeded by Hazrat Salman Farsi (Radi Allahu anhu) as a Caliph and the Silsilah Naqshbandiya traces its origin to Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq(Radi Allahu anhu) through Hazrat Salman Farsi (Radi Allahu anhu).
The remaining three great Salasul (Plural of Silsila) sprang from the leadership of
Hazrat Ali (Radi Allahu anhu) in the following manner :
Hazrat Ali (Radi Allahu anhu) had four Caliphs:
1. Sayyidinah Hazrat Imam Hasan (Radi Allahu anhu)..
2. Sayyidinah Hazrat Imam Hussein (Radi Allahu anhu). .
3. Hazrat Khwaja Ibn Ziyad (Radi Allahu anhu). .
4. Hazrat Khwaja Imam Hasan of Basra (Radi Allahu anhu).
Hazrat Imam Hasan of Basra (Radi Allahu anhu) had many Caliphs,
Two of them being prominent :
1. Hazrat Abdul Wahid bin Zaid (Radi Allahu anhu).
2. Hazrat Habib Ajami (Radi Allahu anhu) ( Habib the Persian.
The Fourteen Salasul :
The Caliphs of Imam Hasan Basra (Radi Allahu anhu) went on multiplying during the first and second centuries of the Islamic era till they were grouped into the following fourteen orders or schools each named after their heads:
Hazrat Abdul Wahid bin Zaid (Radi Allahu anhu) was the khalifa of Hazrat Khwaja Imam Hasan of Basra (Radi Allahu anhu) from whom these 5 khanwad started.
1. Silsila Zaidia: It is named after Khwaja Zaid bin Abdul Wahid (Radi Allahu anhu), the Khalipha of Hazrat Hasan of Basra (Radi Allahu anhu). Shaikh Zaid (Radi Allahu anhu) received another robe (khirqa) of khalafat from Shaikh Kumal bin Ziyad (Radi Allahu anhu) as well. Five of the descendants of Hazrat Abdullah bin Auf (Radi Allahu anhu) famous companion of Rasoolullah(Salla Allahu 'alayh wasalam), also joined this Sisila.
Towards the end of his life, Shaikh Zaid bin Abdul Wahid(Radi Allahu anhu) selected two of his promonent disciples and commissioned them as his deputies (Khalifas) to guide others. They were Shaikh Fuzail Ibn Ayaz(Radi Allahu anhu) and Shaikh Yaqub as-Susi(Radi Allahu anhu).
2. Silsila Ayaziya: This is named after Shaikh Fuzail Ibn Ayaz(Radi Allahu anhu). He received spiritual guidance from other Mashaikh of the day as well, such as the members of the Blessed Family of Rasool Allah(Salla Allahu 'alayh wasalam), the Aima Ahl Bait, He was also guided by the Companions of the Companions of Rasool Allah(Salla Allahu 'alayh wasalam), known as the Tabiyin, who were living in the more prominent places of Arabia in large numbers and guiding the people in the esoteric sciences of Islam.
3. Silsila Adhmiya: This Silsila is named after its head, Shaikh Ibrahim bin Adham (Radi Allahu anhu) who received spiritual guidance and khalafat at the hands of Shaikh Fuzail Ibn Ayaz(Radi Allahu anhu) and Sayyidinah Imam Baqir(Radi Allahu anhu), grandson of Sayyidinah Hazrat Imam Hussein(Radi Allahu anhu), grandson of Rasool Allah(Salla Allahu 'alayh wasalam), on his Blessed Daughter's side. This Silsila connects up with Sayyidinah Hazrat Ali (Radi Allahu anhu), via Sayyidinah Hazrat Imam Hussein(Radi Allahu anhu) as well as Shaikh Hasan of Basra(Radi Allahu anhu).
4. Silsila Hubairiya: It is named after Khwaja Abu Hubaira Aminuddin(Radi Allahu anhu) of Basra, who was a Khalifa of Khwaja Huzaifa Marashi(Radi Allahu anhu), the Khalifa of Hazrat Ibrahim bin Adham(Radi Allahu anhu) , Khalifa of Shaikh Fuzail Ibn Ayaz(Radi Allahu anhu) , Khalifa of Shaikh Abdul Wahid bin Zaid(Radi Allahu anhu), Khalifa of Shaikh Imam Hasan of Basra(Radi Allahu anhu).
5. Silsila Chishtiya: The head of this Silsila is Khwaja Mamshad Ali Dainuri(Radi Allahu anhu) who was the Khalifa of Khwaja Abu Hubaira Aminuddin Basri(Radi Allahu anhu). Khwaja Mamshad Ali Dainuri (Radi Allahu anhu) was succeeded by Khwaja Abu Ishaq Shami (Radi Allahu anhu) who was deputed by the Shaikh to settle down at a place called Chist in the neighbourhood of Herat in Afganistan. Shaikh Abu Ishaq Shami(Radi Allahu anhu) was the first Shaikh who was called Abu Ishaq Chisti(Radi Allahu anhu). It is thus that a great Silsila Chishtiya came into existence. He was succeeded by Khwaja Abu Ahmad Abdal(Radi Allahu anhu) who was a dignitary of Chist. Khwaja Abu Ahmad(Radi Allahu anhu) was succeeded by Khwaja Abu Muhammad Chishti (Radi Allahu anhu), who was succeeded by Khwaja Abu Yusuf Chishti(Radi Allahu anhu), who was succeeded by Khwaja Qutubuddin Maudud Chishti(Radi Allahu anhu). These five Shaikhs are known as the pillars of Silsila Chishtiya and are buried at Chist.
Hazrat Habib Ajami (Radi Allahu anhu) the second Persian after Hazrat Sulaiman Farsi (Radi Allahu anhu), carried the torch of the spiritual light of Sufism to hishomeland, Iran, and many Arab and non-Arab Shayukh (plural of Shaikh) received training from him. These are the 9 khanwad which started from him.
6. Silsila Ajamiya: It is named after Khwaja Habib Ajami(Radi Allahu anhu) who was the Khalifa of Shaikh Imam Hasan of Basra...
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